Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and the soil's parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. [4]

Jan 2, 2026 · The evolution of soils and their properties is called soil formation, and according to pedologists, five fundamental soil formation processes influence soil properties.

Jan 12, 2026 · Soil biodiversity is poorly studied compared to aboveground biodiversity, but is an important driver of ecosystem functioning. This Review discusses advances in research into the …

Definitions of soil and soil survey, information on careers, some basics on soil formation and classification, and a soil science glossary.

Nov 4, 2024 · Understanding soil composition and types is essential for sustainable agriculture, land management, and environmental conservation. This article delves deeper into the components of …

Aug 1, 2025 · Geology, climate, ecosystems, and human activities all affect soils. The Ecosystems Land Change Science Program examines long-term soil changes across the Nation to understand and …

What is soil? Often referred to as the “skin of the Earth,” soil is the thin outer layer of the Earth’s crust and the interface between the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and anthrosphere. It is where …

Soil-dwellers such as bacteria and fungi recycle once-living organisms into nutrients and soil organic matter (humus)—vital components of all soils. Without soils, life would not exist as we know it.

Oct 19, 2023 · Soil contains air, water, and minerals as well as plant and animal matter, both living and dead. These soil components fall into two categories. In the first category are biotic factors—all the …

Jun 17, 2025 · What is a Soil? The Living Skin of Our Earth Soil is far more than just dirt; it’s a complex, dynamic, and living ecosystem – the foundation upon which terrestrial life thrives, a blend of mineral …