MORE than 70 years after being discovered, a scientist has deciphered an ancient message from the final Dead Sea Scrolls.

A 2,000-year-old code that once looked like random scratches on parchment has finally given up its secret, turning a handful of obscure Dead Sea fragments into a new window on one of antiquity’s most ...

For decades, one script embedded in the Dead Sea Scrolls resisted all efforts to unlock its meaning. Known as Cryptic B, the ...

Abstract: We investigate the use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in automated cryptanalysis of classical simple substitution ciphers. Based on our experimental results, PSO-based attacks proved ...

Robert Kelly is managing director of XTS Energy LLC, and has more than three decades of experience as a business executive. He is a professor of economics and has raised more than $4.5 billion in ...

While SIMPLE IRAs are in some ways similar to their cousins, traditional and Roth IRAs, they also share some features with workplace retirement plans such as 401(k)s. Understanding your plan's rules ...

Instead of a complicated smartphone, you may be better off with a no-nonsense and accessible simple mobile phone that gives you all the essentials without any fuss. The best simple mobiles are ...

A match is played by two teams, each with a maximum of eleven players; one must be the goalkeeper. A match may not start or continue if either team has fewer than seven players. If a team has fewer ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

The regular way to run the program is to use "encrypt" first, which will save the encrypted output to a global variable. Then if you use "decrypt", it will reference that variable and decrypt it back ...

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