Computer programming may seem like magic these days, but most programs are built from conceptual steps that use visual aids to work out how the program needs to flow. Each function of a program can be ...

An example of the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is the facility location problem, in which n facilities are assigned, at minimum cost, to n sites. Between each pair of facilities, there is a ...

It is easy to see how a program flows. For example, where does following one path, as opposed to another, take the program? Flowcharts follow an international standard - it is easy for any flowchart ...