Water-cooled centrifugal chillers for comfort-cooling applications are generally designed for a set of standard conditions specified by the Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) ...

Flow is controlled by either throttling or diverting it. Throttling involves reducing orifice size until all of the flow cannot pass through the orifice; bypassing involves routing part of the flow ...

A novel approach using computational fluid dynamics techniques provides a way for determining the characteristics of gas passing through a gas-lift valve. In the method, CFD calculations numerically ...