Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

The fun part about logic gates is that there are so many ways to make them, with each approach having its own advantages and disadvantages. Although these days transistor-transistor logic (TTL) is the ...

This series of articles reviews basic concepts, and is intended for hardware and software engineers working with embedded systems. In previous sessions we covered some of the fundamental electronic ...

Nottingham-based SFN (Search for the Next) has characterised its novel transistor-based logic, and claims that it matches CMOS performance even when made in older fabs. It would “enable chip designers ...

Only eight lithography masks to create a low-power custom logic chips, compared with 20+ for CMOS, is the claim of Nottingham-based fabless chip start-up ‘Search For The Next’ (SFN). As such, ...

This may very well be the smallest homemade TTL CPU we’ve ever seen. Measuring at one square inch, this tiny chip boasts 40 connections, an 8-bit databus, a 16-bit address bus, a 64 kB memory space, ...