Generally speaking, the law can't punish false statements about the government—even knowing lies—on the grounds that they damage the government's reputation. In the words of New York Times v. Sullivan ...
In a unanimous decision issued on March 21, 2025, the Supreme Court in Thompson v. U.S. heightened the burden of proof for “false” statements under 18 U.S.C. § 1014, excluding “misleading” but true ...