Physicists have begun to explore the proton as if it were a subatomic planet. Cutaway maps display newfound details of the particle’s interior. The proton’s core features pressures more intense than ...

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) stands as one of the most rigorously tested theories in modern physics, offering a comprehensive framework to describe the interactions between charged particles and the ...

Bottom: elastic proton scattering cross sections from oxygen-16 at different orders of magnitude. Credit: Charlotte Elster When atomic nuclei and subatomic particles interact, the results are ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. Physicists have begun to explore the proton as if it were a subatomic planet. Cutaway maps display newfound details of the particle’s ...

Top: protons striking a nucleus deflect from their original path depending on velocity, location of impact, and force from the protons inside the nucleus. Bottom: elastic proton scattering cross ...