Betrayal trauma occurs when an individual’s well-being is threatened by an important person or institution in their life. They will have had a close relationship, dependence, or trust with the person ...

Repeating a school year, experiencing parental abuse or engaging in armed combat have far-reaching long-term effects. Lifetime trauma may even worsen end-of-life pain and discomfort, depression and ...

Karin de Punder, PhD, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, has conducted research on how chronic stress accelerates the aging of the immune system and its ...