IC references are popular with circuit designers because they are accurate and exhibit low drift. Some of my future columns will cover the three types of IC references: buried zener, bandgap, and XFET ...

There are times when you need to bias a low-current load and simply didn’t want to add another voltage regulator, or where you need a reasonable level of voltage accuracy, so a simple voltage divider ...

Diodes whose reverse-breakdown characteristics are controlled precisely during manufacture are called as Zener diodes and are intended specifically for operation in the reverse breakdown mode ...